Romanukha K. H., Zavizion V. F.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MOLECULAR PROFILE OF BREAST CANCER: ROLE IN THE CHOICE AND EFFECTIVENESS OF NEOADUVANT SYSTEMIC THERAPY AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE

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About the author:

Romanukha K. H., Zavizion V. F.

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PATHOMORPHOLOGY

Type of article:

Scientific article

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Despite the existence of a significant number of studies devoted to individual aspects of morphology, immunohistochemical profile, and molecular subtypes of breast cancer, the problem of their integrated assessment in terms of their impact on the choice of neoadjuvant systemic therapy remains insufficiently studied, especially in the context of everyday clinical practice. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the significance of morphological characteristics, immunohistochemical parameters, and the molecular profile of breast cancer in selecting and evaluating the effectiveness of neoadjuvant systemic therapy, as well as to determine their prognostic significance for surgical tactics and local control. The study established and demonstrated that the dominant morphological forms of breast cancer in the analyzed cohort are tubular carcinoma and invasive carcinoma of nonspecific type, which together account for more than 60% of cases. At the same time, the significant prevalence of HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer (21.2% and 18.2%, respectively) creates the conditions for an expectedly high level of complete pathomorphological response when standardized therapy is administered. The Ki-67 index has demonstrated high discriminatory power in distinguishing between tumors with low and high proliferative activity, has significant prognostic value, and directly influences the choice of treatment tactics. At the same time, HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes are characterized by the highest levels of proliferation (median Ki-67 of 32% and 42%, respectively), consistent with their clinical and biological characteristics and confirming a high probability of response to intensive systemic chemotherapy.

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Bibliography:

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», 2025 Issue 4, 179, 370-380 pages, index UDC 618.19-006.6-07

DOI:

10.29254/2077-4214-2025-4-179-370-380