Babak S. V., Kabrera-Lapitska B. A.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

Cannabis is a genus of herbaceous plants in the hemp family that has long been used by humans as food, material for various products, and as a raw material for narcotic products. Cannabis contains a variety of active substances, the most important being phytocannabinoids. The psychotropic effect of the plant and addiction is tetrahydrocannabinol. The human body has an endocannabinoid system – a system of physiological recovery after stress, which also plays an important role in the physical and psychological effects of cannabis on the body. Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 are of the greatest importance in the system. Receptors are able to bind to endocannabinoid ligands, exogenous ligands and synthetic analogues. CB1 receptors are found in the central nervous system, in adipocytes and in cells of the gastrointestinal tract. High levels of CB1 receptors have been reported in areas of the brain that are associated with human behavior. And CB2 receptors are on the cells of the immune system. Their activation triggers an immune response to inflammation, which is important in the treatment of many chronic diseases. There is evidence that long-term use of marijuana reduces the number of cannabinoid receptors in the brain, which is the result of overloading the brain with the active substances of cannabis. Young people do not have serious health problems in the early stages of marijuana use. Prolonged use has such consequences as: negative impact on fetal development in pregnant women, on the reproductive system, on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, on the psyche and intellect, mental disorders, loss of motivation and interest in life. Synthetic marijuana does the most damage. The world is constantly debating cannabis and its active compounds. The nutraceutical value of cannabis is studied and used. The issue of the use of cannabis compounds in world medical practice is unresolved, and its legal regulation is currently open. In medical practice, the active substances of cannabis are used in certain diseases (schizophrenia, cognitive impairment, some neurodegenerative diseases, non-plastic tumors, rheumatoid arthritis, to reduce pain, etc.). The question arises about the use of these substances in covid diseases. In Ukraine, there is a need to develop recommendations for changing regulatory approaches to ensure patients’ access to this group of drugs.

cannabis, marijuana, phytocannabinoids, endocannabinoid system, covid, legal regulation.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 (163), 2022 year, 9-14 pages, index UDK 612 : 613 : 614.2 : 615.3

10.29254/2077-4214-2022-1-162-9-14