Poltorapavlov V. A., Koval T. I., Iziumska O. M., Pryimenko N. O., Syzova L. M., Marchenko O. H., Vatsenko A. I.

DEHYDRATION SHOCK IN THE CLINIC OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES: ETIOLOGY, PATHOGENESIS, CLINIC, DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT

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Poltorapavlov V. A., Koval T. I., Iziumska O. M., Pryimenko N. O., Syzova L. M., Marchenko O. H., Vatsenko A. I.

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LITERATURE REVIEWS

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Scientific article

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Dehydration shock is a pathological condition associated with a rapid and massive, catastrophic decrease in circulating blood volume due to the body's loss of water (dehydration) and electrolytes (demineralisation). During the development and course of dehydration shock, patients experience pronounced changes in the water-electrolyte balance and acid-base status, which leads to disorders of the cardiovascular system, renal function, and severe hypoxia of all organs and systems. Dehydration shock is a type of hypovolaemic shock. Hypovolaemic shock is a pathological condition characterised by a mismatch between the volume of circulating blood and the volume of the vascular bed. In the clinic of infectious diseases, the problem of hypovolemic shock is most often encountered as a result of dehydration (mainly intestinal infections) and blood loss (complicated course of typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, some haemorrhagic fevers - Lassa, Ebola, Marburg). The characteristic manifestations of intestinal infections are diarrhoea and vomiting, the most common causes of dehydration and complications in this group of diseases. If the patient is not provided with timely and sufficient assistance during dehydration, and the pathological process continues progressing, the patient develops dehydration shock. Therefore, there is now an urgent need to analyse the modern clinical concepts, diagnostic approaches and treatment tactics presented in the available literature regarding the problems of early diagnosis of dehydration shock, determination of the degree of dehydration and treatment features at different stages of hospitalisation. It is also necessary to pay attention to the most rational therapeutic approaches. Correct diagnosis and treatment of dehydration shock are prerequisites for the successful treatment of many infectious diseases with complications. Despite the patient's serious condition and the speed of dehydration shock development, timely and competently initiated intensive treatment in the vast majority of patients leads to an improvement in the general condition. Treatment consists of administering adequate doses of intravenous and oral rehydration solutions and timely hospitalisation in a specialised department.

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Bibliography:

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», 2024 Issue 2, 173, 117-128 pages, index UDC 616.9-071-085-092

DOI:

10.29254/2077-4214-2024-2-173-117-128