Zaikina T. S., Rynchak P. I., Tytova G. Yu.

CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1 AGONISTS: A REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS

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About the author:

Zaikina T. S., Rynchak P. I., Tytova G. Yu.

Heading:

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Type of article:

Scientific article

Annotation:

Diabetes mellitus type 2 remains one of the leading problems of the health care system due to its high prevalence, progressive course and significant contribution to the development of cardiovascular diseases. According to this, modern approaches to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus are aimed not only at achieving optimal glycemic control, but also at reducing cardiovascular risk. The aim of our study was to analyze the existing scientific data on the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists on the cardiovascular system and to outline perspectives for further research. GLP-1 agonists occupy an important place in the modern therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus due to effective glycemic control and weight reduction. However, as the existing scientific data show, the positive effect of these drugs goes beyond diabetology. In recently conducted randomized clinical trials, the cardioprotective effects of GLP-1 agonists were revealed, namely their ability to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, as well as their ability to influence the course of heart failure and the frequency of its exacerbations. According to experts, the positive effect of some GLP-1 agonists is realized through the improvement of endothelial function, suppression of intravascular inflammation, and not only through the effect on body weight and glycemic level. Clinical studies have demonstrated the enormous potential of GLP-1 agonists not only as antidiabetic drugs, but also as an independent class of cardioprotective agents. With this in mind, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) of Great Britain has included semaglutide in the treatment regimen of overweight patients (body mass index ≥27 kg/m2) who have had myocardial infarction, stroke or have peripheral atherosclerosis. Given that clinical studies of the role of GLP-1 agonists in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases are ongoing, we expect the expansion of indications for the use of these drugs in cardiology practice. Taking into account the existing scientific data on the cardioprotective effects of GLP-1 agonists, it should be expected that in the near future they can become an important component of cardiometabolic therapy, capable of affecting not only the key links of pathogenesis, but also cardiovascular risk.

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Bibliography:

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», 2026 Issue 2, 181, 62-67 pages, index UDC 615.22:615.252:616.1-084

DOI:

10.29254/2077-4214-2026-2-181-62-67