Babak S. V., Babak K. V., Krutiienko M. V., Soronovych I. M., Dralov Ye. O.

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL ASPECTS OF HEMO- AND LYMPHODYNAMICS OF THE UPPER LIMBS OF DANCERS DURING ROTATIONAL MOVEMENTS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TOURS CHAÎNÉS)

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Babak S. V., Babak K. V., Krutiienko M. V., Soronovych I. M., Dralov Ye. O.

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LITERATURE REVIEWS

Type of article:

Scientific article

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The performance of intensive rotational elements in the choreography, in particular tours chaînés, is accompanied by a long-term effect of significant centrifugal accelerations on the dancer’s body. Unlike the lower limbs, the distal parts of the upper limbs are subjected to specific and highly dynamic hydrodynamic loads due to the constant change in their spatial orientation, radius of rotation and height relative to the level of the heart. Comprehensive disclosure of physiological-biomechanical and molecular-reflex mechanisms of local blood and lymph circulation regulation in the hands and fingers is necessary for understanding the limits of the adaptive capabilities of the vascular bed and preventing angiotrophic disorders in ballet medicine. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate and model the physiological and biomechanical features of hemo- and lymphodynamics in the hands and fingers of dancers under the action of centrifugal forces and gravitational gradients during tours chaînés in different positions of the upper limbs. Theoretical analysis of physiological and biomechanical sources (PubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases) was performed, along with mathematical and hydrodynamic modeling of physical forces (centrifugal force, transmural pressure, and hydrostatic pressure) and a systematic structural analysis of eight anatomical and biomechanical arm positions and configurations used in choreography (arrondi, allongé, first, second, and third positions, preparatory position, and hands on the waist). The hydrodynamic redistribution of blood and lymph from the central axis of rotation to the periphery under the action of centrifugal acceleration, which causes a pronounced gradient of transmural pressure in the distal vessels of the hands, is simulated. It has been established that the arrondi position, due to the reduced radius of rotation and the presence of moderate joint bends, minimizes the hydrodynamic pressure and stimulates the function of the «muscle pump» of the forearm. Instead, the allongé position maximizes the centrifugal vector and fascial tension, creating the conditions for venous stasis, transudation, and reactive hyperemia of the fingers. Raising the hands above the level of the heart (III position) forms an opposing gravitational gradient, which completely or partially cancels the centrifugal vector and prevents swelling, while lowering the hands to the preparatory position maximally overloads the capillary bed. Fixation of the hands on the waist ensures stable venous drainage, but prolonged static bending creates the risk of local compression of vascular and nerve bundles. Molecular-reflex compensatory mechanisms of microcirculation protection against hydrodynamic shock have been revealed: mechanical stretching of endothelium and smooth muscle cells opens mechanosensitive Piezo1 ion channels and SACs, triggering Ca2+-dependent contraction of smooth muscles, myogenic vasoconstriction (Bayliss reflex) and veno-arterial axon reflex. This pronounced constriction is compensated by the parallel release of endothelial nitric oxide (NO), which provides dosed vasodilation and prevents long-term tissue ischemia. The geometry of the hands and their spatial orientation relative to the level of the heart during tours chaînés are determining factors of regional microcirculation, hydrodynamic pressure and tissue perfusion. Physiological adaptation of the vascular bed of the upper limbs is provided by the mechanotransduction-induced balance between myogenic vasoconstriction and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, which protects capillaries from structural damage.

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», 2026 Issue 3, 182, 12-22 pages, index UDC 612.1 : 793.3

DOI:

10.29254/2077-4214-2026-3-182-12-22