Oliinichenko Ya. O., Bilash S. M.

STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION OF THE RAT ILEUM IN A COMPARATIVE SPECIES CONTEXT

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About the author:

Oliinichenko Ya. O., Bilash S. M.

Heading:

MORPHOLOGY

Type of article:

Scientific article

Annotation:

The incidence of digestive system diseases is increasing every year. Their causes may include both endogenous and exogenous factors that affect the morphofunctional properties of internal organs, such as the ileum. The aim of the study was therefore to evaluate the structural organisation of the rat ileum in order to identify its similarities to, and differences from, the corresponding structures in humans. The study was conducted on 10 sexually mature rats in compliance with bioethical standards. Macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the ileum were performed. The histological structure of the intestinal wall, the structural organisation of the mucosa and its cellular composition, as well as the components of the haemomicrocirculatory bed, were assessed. It was established that the ileum is the distal part of the small intestine, which directly continues into the caecum. Histological examination revealed that the intestinal wall consists of four layers: serous, muscular, submucosal and mucosal. The surface of the latter is characterised by villi and crypts. The intestinal villi are covered with columnar epithelium. Among the cellular elements, goblet cells, columnar epithelial cells with and without a brush border, as well as endocrine cells, were identified. The haemomicrocirculatory bed was represented by capacitive (venules), resistive (arterioles) and exchange (capillaries) links, which were observed in both the submucosa and mucosa. Thus, it was established that the morphology of the rat ileum corresponds to that of the human ileum, thereby enabling the development of experimental studies aimed at identifying approaches to the treatment and prevention of small-intestine diseases in humans. The results can also be used to evaluate morphofunctional changes in the rat ileum following the administration of a complex of chemical food additives.

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Bibliography:

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», 2025 Issue 3,178, 403-410 pages, index UDC 611.344-092.9

DOI:

10.29254/2077-4214-2025-3-178-403-410