Yakovleva О. А., Zhamba А. О., Hoina-Kardasevich О. Y., Vitruk Т. К.

CONTROL OF THE PHARMACOGENETICS OF ENZYMES’ MEDICINE BIOTRANSFORMATION – A TOOL FOR PROVIDING PERSONALIZED MEDICINE

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About the author:

Yakovleva О. А., Zhamba А. О., Hoina-Kardasevich О. Y., Vitruk Т. К.

Heading:

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Type of article:

Scientific article

Annotation:

The review of the literature reflects current ideas about the importance of cytochrome P450 enzymatic systems for the detoxification of endogenous (hormones, signalling molecules, neurotransmitters) and exogenous substrates (food, drugs, toxins), especially for the conversion of lipophilic molecules into water-soluble forms for excretion from the body. The goals of biotransformation correspond to the body's need to remove endo – and exogenous, mainly lipophilic molecules that cross and are retained in cell membranes and the need to ensure the transformation of molecules into a water-soluble form. According to the structure of cytochrome P450, it is a multi-enzyme protein complex embedded in the phospholipid matrix of microsomes. Individual stimuli cause a response specific to different enzyme variants, which depends on genetic control. Genetic polymorphism ensures an individual-sensitive detoxification reaction of various molecules in the body. At the same time, the actual implementation of genetic monitoring methods in medical practice remains insufficient. Moreover, different variants of genes can cover both the pathogenesis of the disease and individual phases of pharmacological intervention (mechanism of action of drugs, their transport and excretion, interaction with medications and unwanted side reactions). The formation of cytochrome P450 enzymes is due to the genetic control of their expression in tissues and organs, and this regulation is individual. It can vary significantly in activity levels (from minimal to ultra-fast). Some variants of genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450, which most actively affect the metabolism of drugs, are given. Understanding these reactions when conducting genetic analysis in patients will allow us to vary adequate dosage regimens, predict results for obtaining safe, effective pharmacotherapy, and prevent the toxic effects of drugs.

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», 2023 Issue 2, 169, 121-130 pages, index UDC 615.015/.03:577.152.199:575.174.015.3

DOI:

10.29254/2077-4214-2023-2-169-121-130