Korman Sh.-A. S., Lukyantseva H. V.

ULTRASTRUCTURAL PROFILE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATION TO PHYSICAL LOAD UNDER CONDITIONS OF TRAINING

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About the author:

Korman Sh.-A. S., Lukyantseva H. V.

Heading:

MORPHOLOGY

Type of article:

Scientific article

Annotation:

Physical exercise induces a multilevel adaptation of skeletal muscle tissue, involving both functional and ultrastructural components. The mitochondrial apparatus, microcirculatory network, and blood–tissue (histohistological) barrier play a central role in these adaptive processes. Investigating the differences in response between trained and untrained organisms allows for identification of the morphological reserve mechanisms that determine skeletal muscle resistance to hypoxic stress. A comparative analysis at the subcellular level helps to elucidate both compensatory and destructive shifts. Aim is to investigate the ultrastructural mechanisms of skeletal muscle adaptation to graded physical load depending on the degree of training in rats. The study was conducted on sexually mature male Wistar rats, divided into control, untrained, and trained groups (daily swimming for 30 days). After graded physical loading (GPL), morphometric analysis of the gastrocnemius muscle and myocardium was performed using transmission electron microscopy. Trained rats demonstrated an increase in the number of functioning capillaries, expansion of the mitochondrial pool, preservation of microcirculatory structure, and reduced edema following GPL. In contrast, untrained animals exhibited destructive changes such as organelle vacuolization, histohistological barrier hyperhydration, impaired oxygen diffusion, and disrupted energy supply. Regular training promotes structural stability of skeletal muscle and facilitates the formation of an adaptive reserve that enhances resistance to physiological stress.

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Bibliography:

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», 2025 Issue 3,178, 384-394 pages, index UDC 612.015.1:576.82

DOI:

10.29254/2077-4214-2025-3-178-384-394