Kovalchuk P. Ye., Khmara T. V., Pankiv T. V., Kaprosh A. Yu., Zamorskii I. I.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF THE VEINS OF THE LOWER LEG AND FOOT CONSIDERING THEIR ANATOMICAL VARIABILITY
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About the author:
Kovalchuk P. Ye., Khmara T. V., Pankiv T. V., Kaprosh A. Yu., Zamorskii I. I.
Heading:
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL RESEARCH
Type of article:
Scientific article
Annotation:
The structural and functional features of the veins of the lower leg and foot were studied, taking into account their anatomical variability. Histological and macroscopic analyses were performed on venous segments obtained from 9 patients. It was found that the venous system of the lower limb is a multi-level network of deep, superficial, and perforating veins, ensuring effective blood outflow from the distal parts of the limb to central vas- cular trunks. Significant individual and age-related variability in the location, diameter, and number of valves was observed, especially in the superficial veins of the foot. Histologically, veins consist of three layers – intima, media, and adventitia with vasa venarum – adapted to high hydrostatic pressure and supporting hemodynamic stability. The results highlight the importance of anatomical variability of veins for the function of the “muscle pump”, preven- tion of venous insufficiency, and planning of surgical interventions.
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Bibliography:
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Publication of the article:
«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», 2025 Issue 4, 179, addition, 41-45 pages, index UDC 611.147.33/.39.018
