The problem of developing a malignant tumor in the breast is dedicated to more than one study. As etiological factors of breast cancer described eating disorders, hormonal disorders, genetic predisposition, viral contamination, environmental factors, and others. Neoplastic breast disease is undoubtedly an environmentally dependent pathology, as evidenced by their steady growth in developed countries. Researches is devoted to the study of the morphology and chemical composition of the tissue breast cancer in women who live in ecologically polluted regions. The study was conducted on breast tissue of 60 women operated on breast cancer. Histological characteristics of tissues studied in sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Chemical analysis was carried out by atomic absorp- tion. Microelement composition of tissue sections studied by scanning electron microscope, which is equipped with energy dispersive spectrometer. Results. The amount of trace metals, atomic absorption method defined, in breast cancer tissue from women environmentally contaminated region exceeds their number in the control group: iron – by 24 %, copper – by 15. 4 % chromium – by 16. 8 %, zinc – by 13. 8 %, lead – by 11. 1 % and nickel – by 9. 3 %. The results of energy dispersive method found that trace elements content in the research group more than 50 atomic mass by 15-25 % larger than those found in the control group. Trace metals accumulate over in the cellular component of the tumor tissue. It is the presence of excess heavy metals in the parenchymal component explains their carcinogenic effects on the mammary gland. The presence of these metals in the stromal component can be considered as an etiological factor of pathological biomineralization tumor tissue, which is also a negative prognostic feature of malignancy. Compar- ing the incidence of breast cancer in different areas of the region with the data of chemical analysis, it was found that in environmentally contaminated areas as increased incidence of breast cancer (almost 2 times), and the number of heavy metal compounds in tumor tissue. A statistically significant difference between the accumulation of elements and histological type of breast cancer is not established. Carcinogenic effect of heavy metal compounds can be realized through the mechanisms of DNA structure violation to their direct influence on the processes of transcription, translation and replication, inhibition of antioxidant defense system, simulate the action of estrogen, increased proliferative activity of cells of angiogenesis. they affect apoptosis and proliferative activity of tumor cells, reduce adhesive intercellular communication, which ultimately leads to stimulation of malignant transformation, initiation and progression. Conclusions. Excessive inflow trace metals in the body leads to their accumulation in tumor breast tissue. We can assume that this leads to disruption of antioxidant defense cells and destabilize the balance of genetic breast epithelial cells, which ultimately initiates and stimulates the development of cancer. Prospects for further research. Study of immunohistochemical markers of apoptosis, proliferative activity, ad- hesive capacity invasive potential of tumor cells and epigenetic DNA changes depending on the amount of heavy metals in tumor tissue.
tumor, mammary gland, trace metals, carcinogenesis
«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 part 1 (113), 2014 year, 318-322 pages, index UDK 618-091. 817;092. 12
