Pavlichenko P. P.

SPORT MEDICINE

Scentific article

Background. Searching for minimally invasive, minimally disturbing indicators of the training status in top-levels footballers has always been a matter of interest in sports medicine and physiology. Assessment of foot-ballers’ functional status is aimed at optimization of training loads and improvement of physical performance as well as at prevention of overloading processes and associated disturbances. Recently, assessment of T-wave terminal part variations, as detected by conventional electrocardiography, has been proposed as a simple tool to monitor the functional status, that is, the individual athlete’s response to the particular training load. Purpose. To assess changing of professional footballers’ functional status within different training periods and under the influence of playing advantages. Methods. We employed “Phazagraf” device for conducting our research. The method we used is based on eval-uation of the terminal part of ECG T-wave supplemented by measuring heart rate variability in order to assess the efforts of the vegetative nervous system and regulation systems of the body. The study involved thirty seven professional football players, aged 20-21, who had been candidates for the Ukrainian national under 21 football team. The study lasted for 6 months. The research conducted within different training periods as follows: So called, basic period after vacations lasted for 4-6 weeks. After a short-term, intensive tournament in the middle of the basic period which included 6 games. Pre-competitive period. The end of the competitive period. The investigation was carried out under standard conditions of basal metabolic rate (BMR). The main measur- ing indices included heart rate, T -index of symmetry of T-wave in standard ECG, effort index by Baevskiy, total event time of a 6-game tournament. There was also performed the comparison of variables in footballers of differ- ent playing specialization. Results. The findings show the increased basic rest heart rates after a rest period (4-6 weeks) as compared with rest heart rates within training periods as well as substantial variability of the effort index. It could be linked with car-diovascular and neurohumoral adaptation and economization of cardiac function after the period of regular training. The increase in T -index of T-wave symmetry was detected in some players at the end of the competitive period. These findings are evident enough to diagnose overloading and involvement of the functional status. Having appraised the changes of functional status after the short, intensive tournament in the middle of the basic period including 6 games, we found increased T -index and effort index by Baevskiy which were signifi-cantly correlated (P< 0,05). These changes are indicative of the affected functional status of football players after quite intensive game load (267 min for a player on average). Comparison of changes of functional status in footballers of different football specialization showed that de-fenders had more marked stability of regulatory systems after the vacation period, although they were more liable to overloading during the active competitive period. Mid-fields and forwards were found to have had higher increase in T -index and effort index by Baevskiy during the competition period and they were more predisposed to over-loading and regulation systems involvement. Conclusions. “Fazagraf” could be efficiently used for assessment of the functional status of professional footballers’. We can expect deeconomization of the cardiac function and neurohumoral disadaptation in footballers after a long rest period that could be normalized after renewing of training process. The considerable competitive load can result in overloading processes and regulatory systems involvement. Changes of functional status in players of different specialization within all training periods are not equal. Defenders and half-backs are more liable to overloading during the active competitive period.

functional status, regulation systems, electrocardiography, effort index, overloading

• 1. Антонов А. А. Безнагрузочная оценка функционального состояния организма спортсменов / А. А. Антонов // Поликли-ника. – 2013. – №1. – C. 37-41.
• 2. Гриценко В. И. Информационная технология ФАЗАГРАФ® для интегральной оценки состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы по фазовому портрету электрокардиограммы / В. И. Гриценко, Л. С. Файнзильберг // Врач и информацион-ные технологии. – 2013. – №3. – С. 52-63.
• 3. Навакатикян А. О. Физиология и гигиена умственного труда / А. О. Навакатикян, В. В. Крыжановская, В. В. Кальниш. – Киев: Здоров`я, 1987. – 152 с.
• 4. Платонов В. Н. Общая теория подготовки спортсменов в олимпийском спорте / В. Н. Платонов. – Киев: Олимпийская литература, 1997. – 584 с.
• 5. Пшибыльски В. Функциональная подготовленность высококвалифицированных футболистов / В. Пшибыльски, В. С. Мищенко. – Киев: Наук. світ, 2005. – 161 c.
• 6. Файнзильберг Л. С. Диагностика состояния объектов по фазовым траекториям наблюдаемых сигналов с локаль-но сосредоточенными признаками / Л. С. Файнзильберг // Проблемы управления и информатики. – 2004. – №2. – С. 56-67.
• 7. Файнзильберг Л. С. Компьютерный анализ и интерпретация электрокардиограмм в фазовом пространстве / Л. С. Файнзильберг // Системні дослідження та інформаційні технології. – 2004. – №1. – С. 32-46.
• 8. Файнзильберг Л. С. Компьютерная диагностика по фазовому портрету электрокардиограммы /Л. С. Файнзильберг.– Киев: Освита Украины, 2013. – 191 с.
• 9. Achten J. Heart rate monitoring: applications and limitations / J. Achten, A. Jeukendrup //Sports Med. – 2003. – Vol. 33(7). – P. 517-538.
• 10. Bangsbo J. The physiology of soccer–with special reference to intense intermittent exercise / J. Bangsbo // Acta Physiol Scand Suppl. – 1994. – Vol. 619. – P. 1-155.
• 11. Di Bernardo D. Computer model for study of cardiac repolarization / Di D. Bernardo, A. Murray // J. Cardiovasc. Electro-physiol. – 2000. –Vol. 11. – P. 895-899.
• 12. Di Bernardo D. Effect of changes in heart rate and in action potential duration on the electrocardiogram T wave shape / D. Di Bernardo, P. Langley, A. Murray // Physiol. Meas. – 2002. –Vol. 23. – P. 355-356.
• 13. Javorka M. Heart rate recovery after exercise: relations to heart rate variability and complexity / M. Javorka, I. Zila, T. Balhбrek, K. Javorka // Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. – 2002. – Vol. 35(8). – P. 991-1000.
• 14. Reilly T. The physiological demands of soccer / T. Reilly. – Copenhagen: Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2000. – P. 90-105.
• 15. Stolen T. Physiology of soccer: an update / T. Stolen, K. Chamari, C. Castagna, U. Wisloff // Sports Med. – 2005. – Vol. 35, №6. – P. 501-536.
• 16. Svensson M. Testing soccer players / M. Svensson, B. Drust // J. Sports Sci. – 2005. – Vol. 23, №6. – P. 601-618.

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 2 part 3 (109), 2014 year, 314-319 pages, index UDK 613. 72/731:616