Shatorna V. F., Krasnov O. O.

BIOLOGY

Scentific article

The problem of embryotoxicity and foetotoxicity of microelements is of great practical importance, because a significant number of women work in industry and production conditions and are often exposed to heavy metals, which is very dangerous for the fetus and offspring in general. Aspects of chronic influence on the course of embryogenesis of cadmium salts with microelements, which have bioanatagonistic properties in relation to the toxicity of heavy metals, have been little studied. An important area of morphological experimental research is the search for new possible bioantagonist of cadmium toxicity among trace elements that can affect dyselementosis, maintaining homeostasis, including during pregnancy. The aim of the experimental study was to determine the degree of cadmium accumulation in the kidneys of adult female rats and embryos when cadmium chloride was administered in isolation and in combination with zinc and copper succinates in a chronic experiment in rats. Determination of morphological changes in the kidneys of experimental animals. The study was performed on 64 female Wistar rats weighing 180-300 g. All pregnant females were divided into 4 groups: first – control; the second – isolated administration of a solution of cadmium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg/ kg; third – combined administration of cadmium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg + zinc succinate at a dose of 5 mg/ kg; fourth – combined administration of cadmium chloride at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg + copper succinate 0.1 mg/kg. The influence of the studied factors of female rats was performed daily from the 1st to the 19th day of pregnancy by administering the solution intragastrically, through a tube once a day. The degree of cadmium accumulation was determined using multi-element analysis on an atomic emission spectrometer Emas-200 CCD. To conduct this study, the kidneys of females on days 13 and 19 and embryos of days 19, which were frozen without fixation, were removed during the experiment. To determine changes in the morphogenesis of the kidneys, we removed the kidneys of females and embryos, recorded, poured into the paraplast and made histological sections. Elements of nephrons were studied on histological specimens: diameter of renal corpuscle, area of nephron capsule. There was a significant increase in the accumulation of cadmium in the kidneys of female rats in the groups of isolated exposure to cadmium chloride, but in the groups of combined exposure, the amount of cadmium in the kidneys of females also increased significantly. The highest level of accumulation was determined in the group of combinations of cadmium with copper succinate. Rat embryos that were indirectly affected in the cadmium chloride isolation group accumulated 10.2 times more cadmium than controls. And in the groups of combined administration of cadmium chloride with copper/zinc succinates, the level of cadmium accumulation is significantly reduced compared to the group of isolated exposure. The nephrotoxicity of cadmium chloride in isolated administration was manifested at the histological level in the expansion of the nephron capsule and the compaction of the nephron glomeruli of the female kidney. In the groups of combined administration of cadmium chloride with copper or zinc succinates at the histological level there was no increase in the area of the nephron capsule, which we considered as a compensatory effect of succinates on cadmium nephrotoxicity. The obtained results allow to consider succinates of zinc and copper as potential bioantagonists of cadmium chloride in a chronic experiment on rats.

kidneys, rats, embryo, nephron, cadmium, copper, zinc.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 (163), 2022 year, 97-102 pages, index UDK 616.61:591.3:546.48:612.6

10.29254/2077-4214-2022-1-163-97-102