Orlova L. D., Zhuk M. V.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

The life on the planet depends on the circulation of substances: plants use solar energy and chemical elements, and then enrich the soil with dead residues, forming a suitable environment for plants and animals. The article analyzes the literature data on the state of the study of the circulation of substances in the system «soil– plant» of various phytocenoses of Ukraine in the XXI century. Study of substances migration in natural and artificial phytocenoses is carried out in many directions, however we have singled out three main ones: study of influence of radioactive elements, heavy metals, organogenic and mineral substances on «soil–plant» system. The first direction is conditioned by the fact that as a result of the accident at the Chornobyl NPP a large amount of radionuclides got into the environment, which was included in the biological cycle. Since a large part of Ukraine is contaminated with radioactive releases, extensive research has been carried out to study the content of radioactive elements in soils and plants, their migration routes and ways of reducing the accumulation of contaminants. The second direction is conditioned by the fact that the environment is polluted by harmful chemical wastes of industry, which are easily included in the biological cycle and have a negative impact on human and animal life and health. Therefore, research is carried out to study the peculiarities of accumulation of heavy metals in soils and plants, to determine the intensity of migration, and to assess the anthropogenic impact on the «soil–plant» system. The third direction is caused by the fact that the negative anthropogenic impact on the environment has disturbed the mechanisms of migration of organogenic and mineral elements in the system «soil–plant». Therefore, scientists study the intensity of the biological cycle of elements, their content in above-ground and underground phytomass, soils, study the impact of fertilizers on the migration of organogenic and mineral elements. It is established that the main attention of researchers in the XXI century is focused on the study of the intensity of absorption and dynamics of migration of chemical elements in agrolandscapes, forest and park biogeocenoses, but the data on meadow biogeocenoses are partial and incomplete.

substance cycle, soil-plant system, soil-plant system migration.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 Part 2 (154), 2019 year, 37-41 pages, index UDK 631.41:631.811]:581.55(477)«20»

10.29254/2077-4214-2019-4-2-154-37-41