Insufficiency, as well as the excess of trace elements in the environment, can lead to diseases. This condition is known as microelementosis, which can be exogenous, endogenous, technogenic and treatment-associated. Disturbance of the balance of trace elements is especially critical during a period of rapid development – namely during pregnancy and childhood. At present, the problem of pollution of the environment with heavy metals, namely cadmium, lead and mercury, is particularly relevant as they can significantly affect the many important processes in the human body. Since direct modeling of embryogenesis violations under the influence of cadmium compounds in humans and ways of correction of the latter is not possible, scientists apply induced experimental models. By their help determine the spectrum of morphogenetic violations during embryogenesis. At present, the actual direction of morphological experimental research is the study of the influence of cadmium chloride and cadmium citrate on the overall course of embryogenesis. The purpose of the study was to experimentally determine the effect of low doses of cadmium citrate (nanoaquahelate form of cadmium) and cadmium chloride isolated and in combination with citrates of zinc and selenium on the overall course of embryogenesis with intragastric administration to female rats throughout the entire period of pregnancy. To simulate the effects of cadmium compounds of citrate and cadmium chloride, all rats were divided into 8 groups: the first one was control (animals received 0.9% NaCl). Group 2 received cadmium chloride (dose 1.0 mg/ kg); Group 3 received cadmium citrate (dose 1.0 mg/kg); Group 4 received cadmium chloride and zinc citrate (doses of 1.0 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively); Group 5 received cadmium citrate and zinc citrate (doses of 1.0 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg respectively); Group 6 received cadmium chloride and selenium citrate (doses of 1.0 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg, respectively); Group 7 received cadmium citrate and selenium citrate (doses of 1.0 mg/kg and 0.1 mg/kg respectively); Group 8 received cadmium chloride and composite solution iodine + sulfur + selenium (citrates) – (doses of 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg respectively). The animals were in a standard diet for pregnant female rats, and they received water ad libitum. All, mentioned above, solutions of compounds were administered to the female rats enterally through the probe once a day, at the same time from the 1st to the 19th day of pregnancy. On the 13th and 20th day of pregnancy an operative slaughter was performed. The potential negative effect of the test substance (or combination) on embryonic development was evaluated by the following indicators: the number of live embryos per female, total, preimplantation and post-implantation mortality. The most pronounced embryotoxic activity was observed in the group of isolated introduction of cadmium chloride. Cadmium citrate has demonstrated lower embryotoxic properties compared to a cadmium chloride group at the same dose and method of administration in rats. Combined administration of chloride and cadmium citrate with citrates of zinc, selenium, and composite solution significantly reduces the embryotoxic effect of cadmium, which manifests itself in the increased number of live embryos, reduction of preimplantation and post-implantation mortality.
embryotoxicity, cadmium, selenium, zinc, metal citrates
«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 Part 1 (148), 2019 year, 278-281 pages, index UDK 611.12/13-053.13:616-007.7-092.9:669.018.674
