Potyazhenko M. M., Nastroha T. V., Nevoit H. V., Kitura O. Y., Lyulka N. O.

CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Scentific article

Today, the main measures of prevention the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the identification of risk factors (RF) conducting interventions aimed at reducing overall risk through the introduction of a healthy lifestyle and risk factors correction. Purpose. In order to develop a personalized approach in compliance with the principles of a healthy lifestyle, in the first stage, was conducted the study of the main risk factors (RF) for patients with CHD, developed an effective personalized strategy for the necessity of constant observance a healthy lifestyle. At the second stage, after 3 months of observation, a re-examination of patients was carried out to determine and assess the level of formation of the principles of a healthy lifestyle, comparative analysis of the results with correction and emphasis on the implementation of the most effective and economically most advantageous follow-up tactics for each patient. Object and methods of research. The study was included 40 patients with CHD: stable angina pectoris Class I (the main group) and 30 practically healthy subjects (control group). The average age was 41.7 ± 2.4 y. Groups were matched by age and gender. All respondents filled in a questionnaire developed by researchers. Stage “A” included testing on the questionnaire “The Formation of Components of a Healthy Lifestyle” (Nosov’s A.G. method). Stage “B” – bioimpedance assessment of body composition on the monitor (model HBF-500-E, Omron, Japan). Stage “C” – processing of the received data. Evaluating the results on the level of developing a healthy lifestyle in patients with CHD showed significant differences with a group of practically healthy people. In the study of bioimpedance analysis of the body in patients with CHD, significant differences were noted in the following indices: BMI – in patients of the main group was 29.84 ± 1.05 kg/m2 and 26.3 ± 0.99 kg/m2 in the practically healthy (p<0.05); visceral fat – 9,57 ± 0,84% and 7,2 ± 0,82% (p<0,05); calories – 2533 ± 79,9 kcal and 1553 ± 54,9 kcal (p<0,05). The results confirm the authors’ opinion that metabolic disorders and obesity are often the background in which CHD manifests itself. When we evaluated the results of stage “B”, significant differences (p<0,05) on the scale of 4,5,9 were noted. The results obtained suggest that the failure to adhere of the basic principles of a healthy lifestyle – morning exercise, sports, smoking – negatively affects the clinical course of CHD. The second stage of the study was conducted 3 months after the implementation of the patient’s personified recommendations for the observance of a healthy lifestyle and included a re-examination of patients. We have identified groups: the main group – patients who followed the developed recommendations (n=19) and control group – patients who didn’t follow the recommendations (n=21). Bioimpedance analysis of the body in patients with CHD after 3 months showed significant differences in the following indicators: BMI – in patients in the main group was 27.66 ± 0.52 versus 29.2 ± 0.49 in respondents in the control group (p<0.05); calories – 1842 ± 62,8 and 2488 ± 59,7 (p <0,05). In the analysis of blood pressure after 3 months, in patients with the main group, the average level of SBP was 118.6 ± 4.32, whereas in patients with control group – 132.38 ± 3.7 (p<0.05). The average level of DBP was 71.12 ± 3.38 and 84.52 ± 4.6 (p<0.05). The average levels of total cholesterol in patients in the main group amounted to 4.1 ± 0.31, where as in patients in the control group 5.5 ± 0.23 (p <0.05). In the study of exercise tolerance with a 6-minute walk test, results indicate that patients in the main group noted a significant increase in exercise tolerance from 468.52 ± 11.36 to 566.47 ± 13.79 m (р<0.05). While, the distance of the patients in the control group did not increase significantly. Conclusions. The obtained results indicate the importance of adherence to the principles of healthy lifestyle in patients with coronary heart disease and allow all patients with CHD monitor and maintain BMI within the range of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, while following the low calorie carbohydrate diet, the complete abandonment of smoking, introduce in the algorithm of behavior a set of exercises morning gymnastics.

healthy lifestyle (HLS), coronary heart disease (CHD)

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 Part 1 (148), 2019 year, 157-161 pages, index UDK 616.12 – 005.4

10.29254/2077-4214-2019-1-1-148-157-161