Nefodova O. O., Shevchenko O. S., Halperin О. I., Shevchenko I. V., Bashta I. G., Baklunov V. V.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

Abstract. Environmental contamination is becoming an increasingly serious problem for humanity every year. One of the most dangerous, long-acting and stable pollutants are heavy metals, the most common man-made associations of which are represented by salts of mercury, cadmium and lead. One of the main “targets” of the negative effects of cadmium is bone tissue. The central link in the pathogenesis of Cd-induced osteotoxicity is considered to be an imbalance between the processes of bone remodeling, the regulation of which occurs under the influence of systemic and local factors. In this case, systemic factors (calcitriol, somatotropic hormone, insulin, thyroid hormones, etc.) maintain a constant metabolism of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium from bone to extracellular fluid and vice versa, and local (insulin-like growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, prostaglandin E2, etc.) are mediators of the response to mechanical stress. It is believed that the indirect mechanism of Cd-induced osteotoxicity is mediated by the development of renal failure associated with increased renal excretion of calcium and phosphorus, inhibition of the production of active metabolites of vitamin D, and impaired absorption of calcium in the digestive tract. The direct mechanism involves the direct action of the toxicant, which causes dysfunction of bone cells and causes increased bone resorption and weakening of its calcification. The leading mechanism underlying Cd-induced cytotoxicity is oxidative stress. Succinates have an inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in mitochondria, inhibit FAD-induced electron to oxygen transfer in mitochondrial respiratory complex II, which significantly reduces the production of superoxide and H2 O2 , and suppress the generation of ROS, disrupting the transfer of electrons through complex II to the ubiquinone pool. By helping to restore the balance of activity of pro- and antioxidant systems, inhibit the excessive generation of ROS and weaken the processes of LPO, succinates can potentially eliminate or significantly reduce the manifestations of Cd-induced toxicity.

environmental contamination, cadmium, osteotoxicity, oxidative stress, succinates.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 2 (160), 2021 year, 34-39 pages, index UDK 616.71-018.3:546.48:612.014.46]-085:661.743.2

10.29254/2077-4214-2021-2-160-34-39