Babak S. V., Rogochiy M. S.

THE ROLE OF NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN THE FUNCTIONING OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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About the author:

Babak S. V., Rogochiy M. S.

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LITERATURE REVIEWS

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Scientific article

Annotation:

The review presents modern ideas about the importance of neurotransmitters for the functioning of the nervous system. Neurotransmitters are synthesized by neurons, released into the synaptic cleft, and affect the receptors of the postsynaptic membrane. Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators perform a wide range of key roles in the functioning of the nervous system, ensuring the body's physical and mental functions. Neurotransmitters exert their influence during all age periods of human ontogenesis. The mechanisms of action of neurotransmitters are quite complex. Physical and mental health is directly related to the number of different neurotransmitters synthesized by neurons. Deviation from the norm causes the development of diseases. Neurotransmitters interact with each other. The ratio of various CNS neurotransmitters is also essential for physical and mental health. Practically all physiological functions of different organ systems are regulated by the brain in the presence of neurotransmitters. It also applies to the management of feelings, emotional and cognitive functions. Scientists are constantly opening new horizons in understanding the problems of the functioning of neurotransmitters. The effects of various environmental factors on the functioning of neurotransmitters and the administration of various psychoactive drugs that change the state of consciousness due to the effect on neurotransmitters in the central nervous system are studied. Tools for minimally invasive, large-scale and long-term monitoring of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are being searched for.

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», 2023 Issue 3, 170, 16-28 pages, index UDC 612.8: 616.8

DOI:

10.29254/2077-4214-2023-3-170-16-28