The journal’s policy on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools is guided by the recommendations of COPE, WAME, the JAMA Network, and the ICMJE.
Authors are required to disclose any use of AI tools during manuscript preparation, specifying the stage at which the tool was applied (e.g., writing, image or graphic creation, data collection or analysis) and identifying the specific tool used. This information must be transparently reported in the Object and Research Methods section.
AI tools cannot be listed as authors, as they do not meet the authorship criteria, cannot assume responsibility for the content, and are unable to participate in legal or ethical obligations.
Authors must confirm that any content generated with the assistance of AI is free from plagiarism, adheres to the journal’s ethical standards, and has not been submitted elsewhere. They bear full responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, and proper attribution of all sources, including those generated by AI.
To check for AI in submitted materials, we use a combination of Originality.ai + StrikePlagiarism + QuillBot.