Drozdovska S. B., Polischuk A. O.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

Recently, a new class of RNA, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), associated with a wide range of biological processes in response to physical exercise that can act at different levels of gene expression, has been found. A number of authors demonstrated in experiments the important role of lncRNA in normal heart development and in the development of heart diseases, in particular, it was shown that some long non-coding RNAs can act as cardiac hypertrophy factors. In order to study the role of non-coding RNA in the molecular genetic mechanisms of adaptation and pathological processes in the myocardium prolonged intensive physical exercises and substantiation of the possibility of creating a method for assessing predisposition to the development of pathological and pre-pathologic states of the heart in athletes was meta-analysis of literary sources. It was established that the predisposition to the development of myocardial hypertrophy under the influence of intense physical exertion is genetically determined and depends on the level of expression of lncRNAs. Based on their functions, LncRNAs can be divided into several subcategories according to their mode of action. Many nucleus-enriched lncRNAs can exert their functions at the transcriptional level, either through cotranscriptional interactions between the lncRNAs and transcriptional complexes or by the recruitment of such complexes like the chromatin modification enzymes, to transcription sites in cis or in trans. Many lncRNAs can act as decoys for certain molecules, such as transcriptional splicing factors in the nucleus and miRNAs to regulate the expression of targets of those biological pathways. LncRNAs can also serve as a scaffold for forming complex molecular machineries or nuclear subdomains. It has been revealed that the important and most studied lncRNAs that affect the development of the myocardium during ontogenesis and adaptation to stress factors, including physical loads, include: MIAT, NRON, MHRT, LIPCAR, CHRF, Chaer, ROR, H19, CHAST . The study of genes polymorphisms of these lncRNAs and the level of their expression in response to physical loads allow us to discover new aspects of the regulation mechanism of the adaptive response of the cardiovascular system to exercise stress. Expression of non-coding RNA genes is a potential informational marker of the course of adaptation processes to physical loads.

long noncoding RNA, cardiac hypertrophy, athletes heart, physical exercise

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 Part 3 (141), 2017 year, 38-43 pages, index UDK 796.015.6:612.1+575.113.1

10.29254/2077–4214–2017–4–3–141–38-43