Onyschenko A. V., Sheshukova O. V., Akimov O. Ye

DENTISTRY

Scentific article

The aim of this research was to study the activity of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS), arginase, the concentration of nitrites and ceruloplasmin, as well as the intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes of the oral fluid in overweight children of primary school age and the signs of gum inflammation. The study included 81 students without somatic pathologies. In the presence of signs of catarrhal gingivitis in children of primary school age, the activity of gNOS in the oral fluid increases by 2.08 times as compared to healthy subjects. The cNOS activity does not change statistically significantly, and the iNOS activity increases by 2.22 times. The activity of arginases decreases by 2.21 times. In the presence of signs of catarrhal gingivitis and overweight in children of primary school age, the activity of gNOS in the oral fluid increases by 1.68 times as compared to healthy subjects. The cNOS activity does not change statistically significantly, whereas the iNOS activity increases by 1.62 times. The activity of arginases decreases by 2.21 times. The inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues against the background of overweight also reduces the activity of arginases by 2.19 times as compared to the group of patients with overweight. The concentration of nitrites, ceruloplasmin and the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the oral fluid did not statistically significantly change in all study groups. Thus, the determination of the concentrations of nitrites, ceruloplasmin, and MDA in the oral fluid in pathological processes with a low involvement of the body’s systemic response is not informative. Determination of iNOS and arginase activity in the oral fluid of patients is an informative method for assessing the body’s reactivity. The limitation of our study is the lack of an assessment of the contribution of the resident microflora of the oral cavity of patients to the studied parameters and patterns. In children of primary school age with signs of catarrhal gingivitis, regardless of the presence of overweight, there is a change in the activity of marker enzymes of macrophages polarization in the oral fluid towards an increase in the activity of the pro-inflammatory enzyme – the inducible NO-synthase. Determining the activity of marker enzymes of macrophages polarization (inducible NO-synthase and arginase) in the oral fluid is an informative test of the patient’s reactivity

children, catarrhal gingivitis, overweight, primary school age.

1. Verma D, Garg PK, Dubey AK. Insights into the human oral microbiome. Arch Microbiol. 2018 May;200(4):525-40. DOI: 10.1007/s00203- 018-1505-3
2. Le Bars P, Matamoros S, Montassier E, Le Vacon F, Potel G, Soueidan A, et al. The oral cavity microbiota: between health, oral disease, and cancers of the aerodigestive tract. Can J Microbiol. 2017 Jun;63(6):475-92. DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0603
3. Garaicoa-Pazmino C, Fretwurst T, Squarize CH, Berglundh T, Giannobile WV, Larsson L, Castilho RM. Characterization of macrophage polarization in periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 2019 Aug;46(8):830-9. DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13156
4. Huang CB, Alimova Y, Ebersole JL. Macrophage polarization in response to oral commensals and pathogens. Pathog Dis. 2016 Apr;74(3):ftw011. DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw011
5. Cai J, Qiao B, Gao N, Lin N, He W. Oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived exosomes promote M2 subtype macrophage polarization mediated by exosome-enclosed miR-29a-3p. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2019 May 1;316(5):C731-C740. DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00366.2018
6. Lauterbach MA, Wunderlich FT. Macrophage function in obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Pflugers Arch. 2017 Apr;469(3-4):385-96. DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1955-5
7. Oral Health Surveys, Basic Methods. 5th edition. Text. Geneva: WHO; 2013. 44 p.
8. Danylevsʹkyy NF, Borysenko AV. Zabolevanyya parodonta. Kyev: Zdorovʹe; 2000. 464 s. [in Russian].
9. Yelins’ka AM, Akimov OYe, Kostenko VO. Role of AP-1 transcriptional factor in development of oxidative and nitrosative stress in periodontal tissues during systemic inflammatory response. Ukr. Biochem. J. 2019;91(1):80-5. DOI: 10.15407/ubj91.01.080
10. Gérard-Monnier D, Erdelmeier I, Régnard K, Moze-Henry N, Yadan JC, Chaudière J. Reactions of 1-Methyl-2-phenylindole with Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxyalkenals. Analytical Applications to a Colorimetric Assay of Lipid Peroxidation. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1998;11(10):1176- 83.
11. Kaydashev IP. Metody klinicheskikh i eksperimental’nykh issledovaniy v meditsine. Poltava: Polimet; 2003. 319 s. [in Russian].
12. Xu L, Ota T. Emerging roles of SGLT2 inhibitors in obesity and insulin resistance: Focus on fat browning and macrophage polarization. Adipocyte. 2018;7(2):121-8. DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1413516
13. Bashir S, Sharma Y, Elahi A, Khan F. Macrophage polarization: the link between inflammation and related diseases. Inflamm Res. 2016 Jan;65(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1007/s00011-015-0874-1
14. Zhou X, Li W, Wang S, Zhang P, Wang Q, Xiao J, et al. YAP Aggravates Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Regulating M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization and Gut Microbial Homeostasis. Cell Rep. 2019 Apr 23;27(4):1176-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.028
15. Ambe K, Watanabe H, Takahashi S, Nakagawa T, Sasaki J. Production and physiological role of NO in the oral cavity. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2016 Feb;52(1):14-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2015.08.001
16. Reuk SE, Terekhina NA. Development of a method for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment of children with herpetic stomatitis. Klin Lab Diagn. 2020;65(5):269-74. DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2020-65-5-269-274
17. Topcu Ali O, Akalin FA, Sahbazoglu KB, Yamalik N, Kilinc K, Karabulut E, Tözüm TF. Nitrite and nitrate levels of gingival crevicular fluid and saliva in subjects with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2014 Jul 1;5(2):e5. DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2014.5205
18. Kapil V, Rathod KS, Khambata RS, Bahra M, Velmurugan S, Purba A, et al. Sex differences in the nitrate-nitrite-NO• pathway: Role of oral nitrate-reducing bacteria. Free Radic Biol Med. 2018 Oct;126:113-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.010

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 (158), 2020 year, 356-360 pages, index UDK 616.311-008.853-06:[616.31-002+616-056.52]:612.017-07

10.29254/2077-4214-2020-4-158-356-360