Nekhanevich O. B.

SPORT MEDICINE

Scentific article

Backgraund. An early sign of sportsmen desadaptation to intensive physical and psychoemotional loadings is the disbalance of vegetative nervous system. Further it can lead to development of pathological condi- tions. The basic pathogenic mechanism of cardiovascular system diseases at sportsmen is vegetative dysfunction. Therefore by preparation of sportsmen it is necessary to carry out constant control of cardiovascular system a func- tional condition and its vegetative regulation for timely revealing of symptoms of an overstrain. objective. Studying of vegetative regulation adaptation of cardiovascular system to physical loads at sportsmen according to heart rate variability was the work purpose. Methods. We had been carried investigation of 100 sportsmen at the age from 12 till 35 years which were en- gaged in basketball (n = 20), volleyball (n = 30) and football (n = 50) sports qualification from 1 adult category to masters of sports of the international class. In control group have included 30 persons of corresponding age who did not go in for sports. Studying of vegetative nervous system functional condition and mechanisms of adaptation an organism to physical activities was spent by means of the analysis of heart rate variability. For this purpose reg- istered an electrocardiogram in 2 standard assignment throughout 5 minutes in a condition of relative physiological rest and after dosed physical load on cycleergometr. results. Research has specified on increasing of parasympathetic system activity at sportsmen in rest. In reply to the dosed out physical activity indicator Mean with 1080,0 ± 37,1 ms to 691,0 ± 47,9 ms, indicator RMSSD with 104,0 ± 4,9 ms to 44,3 ± 6,9 ms, an indicator pNN50 with 59,0 ± 3,2 ms to 16,8 ± 3,9 ms has decreased. The analysis of pulse variation results has shown decrease in an indicator of Mo with 1068,0 ± 37,7 ms to 697,0 ± 26,0 ms. Spectral characteristics of a heart rhythm variability were characterised by growth TP with 5839 ± 162 msІ to 13640 ± 2600 msІ, VLF with 4789 ± 1620 msІ to 12740 ± 2648 msІ, LF with 418,0 ± 54,9 msІ to 572,0 ± 39,2 msІ, LF\ HF with 1,5 ± 0,3 to 3,2 ± 0,3, р < 0,05. Thus HF decreased with 584,0 ± 43,6 msІ, to 326,0 ± 80,7 msІ. Also increased RSІ with 36,4 ± 4,8 %/sІ to 108,0 ± 23,2 %/sІ, р < 0,05. conclusions. The Increase in a tone of parasympathetic nervous system at sportsmen testifies about econo- misation activity of cardiovascular system. Signs of urgent adaptation of sportsmen organism to physical loads are decrease in a role of an independent contour, parasympathetic nervous system and sinus node in regulation of physical activity and centralisation of regulating influence and activation of sympathetic nervous system. In work possibility of use of heart rate variability indicators for diagnostics of early signs of a physical overstrain of cardio- vascular activity vegetative regulation is proved.

heart rate variability, physical loads, sportsmen, desadaptation.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 (106), 2014 year, 317-320 pages, index UDK 612. 13:612