Artificial and synthetic biomaterials are widely used in various branches of medicine, as well as in orthopedics and traumatology. One of the directions is the use of resorbable biomaterials. To date, polyglycolic and polylactic acid implants are increasingly used. The advantage of such implants is the possibility of their full resorption, which eliminates the need for a repeat operation to remove the device, that is, an additional trauma. However, according to their physico-mechanical characteristics, biodegradable polymeric materials (polylactides and polyglycolids) are inferior to metals, which limits their scope in orthopedics and traumatology. Therefore, one of the areas of development of such biomaterials is the creation of composites on their basis to enhance the fixing qualities. The purpose of the research was: to determine the morphological peculiarities of tissue rearrangement under conditions of implantation under animal skin of a composite composed of polylactic acid and ceramic biomaterial. Experiments on animals were performed in accordance with the rules of humane attitude towards experimental animals and in conditions of asepsis. In our study, as an implant, the field L-lactic acid was used with hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate in proportion 70:10:20. The experiment was conducted on 15 white laboratory male rats, 6 months age, body weight (240 ± 25 g). On the back of the rat – laterally from the spine below the shoulder were a cut of the skin and injected implant (polyethylene composite biomaterial) in the form of a disk (diameter 5 mm, height 2 mm) in a simulated “pocket” subcutaneous fat tissue of rats. The wound was sewn with silk. The state of the capsule formed between the implant and the tissues was studied at 30, 90 and 180 days. The evaluation was carried out by morphological and morphometric methods. It has been determined that the composite based on polylactide and ceramic biomaterial, which is implanted in the subcutaneous fat, does not have a toxic and irritant effect on the connective and adjacent muscle tissue. A thin connective tissue capsule without signs of inflammation and detritus is formed around the biomaterial. On the basis of the analysis of indicators, namely: thickness of capsules, cell density and their phenotype, the presence of cells of inflammation, as well as cells that appear in the case of allergic action of the biomaterial; the packaging and thickness of collagen fibers, the presence and amount of blood vessels, as well as other indicators characterizing biocompatibility of the biomaterial, it has been proved that the material has high biocompatibility. At the final date of the study (180 days), the implant retained its shape, however, slight signs of its destruction were found.
polylactic acid, poly (l-lactic) acid, hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate, experiment, rats, subcutaneous fat
«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 Part 3 (141), 2017 year, 185-189 pages, index UDK 616-001.46
