Vision is the one of the senses by which a person receives a 90 % of the information from the outside world. Good vision is necessary for the man for all activities: training, rest and everyday life. And everyone should understand how important it is to preserve and store. The loss of the vision, particularly in children, is a tragedy. It is in childhood the question of preservation of view should be given special attention, because a child’s body is very sensitive to all kinds of influences. The visual disturbances are associated not only with the load on the eyes, but also with the social and conditions of the life. There are relationship between visual impairments and state of health. The growth and development of the organ of vision, genetic predisposition have an important role in formation of the visual disturbances. An impor- tant role is played by the condition of the nervous system. The first years of a child’s life is the time of intensive development of view. Remember that the earlier identified some kind of visual impairment, the greater the chance timely corrected. Each parent should know that all the main problems with vision, form in the children up to 7 years. The best way to avoid eye diseases is a regular medical examinations. The first examination by ophthalmologist should already be in the neonatal period, next year, at the age of 3 years – twice a year, from 4 to 7 years old – once a year. The most common visual impairment in children is nearsightedness (myopia). Measures for the prevention of myopia in children of school age should be aimed at removing all kinds of stress: muscle, optic, nerve. For the prevention of myopia in schools must ensure that optimum mode of training, education and recreation. Insufficient illumination in classes where children work increases the risk of myopia. The influence on the organism of the child provides the computer that is the source of electromagnetic, thermal, x-ray and ultraviolet radiation. Working at the computer at a close distance has a negative effect on vision, pain in the eyes, fatigue, so the time work with com- puter in the students of high school must not exceed 25 minutes, and the total duration of the week – 2 hours. It is believed that children inherit only predisposition to myopia. If eyestrain falls between the growth of the eye, it causes stretching its membranes and progression of myopia. This also contributes to prolonged visual work with objects that are in close proximity to the lack of light, which causes an increase in intraocular pressure, tensile membranes of the eye and the progression of myopia. To lead the overall deterioration of the body severe disease, chronic infections, lack of exercise, physical education defects. The first signs of nearsightedness is to try to bend over child objects, wink, looking into the distance. These changes have to see parents and teachers. In myopic children frequently observed posture. Changing the child’s behavior – there is a habit to walk with bowed head low, stoop. Children complain of pain and double vision, headache, rapid fatigue. For prevention of myopia in school requires compliance with the best mode of training, education and recre- ation. It is important to the selection of school furniture according to the growth of students, instilling the correct working posture. Children with visual impairments need to sit at the front desk on the first row of windows. Students who sat in the third row of windows during the school year it is advisable to transplant the second or the first row of at least two or three times. The teacher should make sure that children who are prescribed glasses, use them during lessons. For the prevention of stress are also important items of school equipment. Yes, blackboards should hang at a distance of 2 m from the first batches, with the bottom edge of the boards in the elementary school is located 85 cm from the floor, the older – 95 cm Surface blackboard should be matte. The child should write or draw on thick paper, white or slightly yellowish. Ink and paste should be of contrasting color, preferably dark blue or purple. With proper planting at a desk distance from the eye to the book or notebook is 35 cm Textbooks font should be clear. Vision is the door to the beautiful and wonderful world in which we live. Only joint efforts of doctors, teachers and parents, implementation of preventive state programs, you can take a step to ensure that these doors were always open for our children.
«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 3 part 1 (110), 2014 year, 300-303 pages, index UDK 617. 7-053. 4/. 5-07
