Skaletskyy Yu. N., Sawickiy V. L., Pechyborsch V. P., Nasvyt O. I., Gutsenko I. V.
There are four nuclear power plants functioning in Ukraine, as well as a large number of companies and institutions placed on the Ukrainian territory, which are potential sources of radionuclide contamination of large areas. Iodine prophylaxis is a very effective measure, and it should be done well in advance. The objective of the thesis is to identify major shortcomings of iodine prophylaxis that is carried in Ukraine, for the case of radiation accident. Materials and methods. Scientific publications, existing legal documents regarding the issues of the implemen- tation of iodine prophylaxis , for the case of radiation accident at nuclear power plants, have been used in the thesis. Research methods: systems analysis, bibliographical, analytical, historical, comparative. Results and consideration of the research. The failure of iodine prophylaxis for lesions of the thyroid gland for the population on the territories which underwent influence of catastrophic radioactive releases, as well as the absence of operative informing the population regarding the rules of conduct, are the main causes of negative consequences of Chernobyl disaster. The research has established that the supply level of stable iodine preparations for the population of zones, situ- ated near some nuclear power plants functioning, is from 11 up to 53 per cent of needed, or the expiration date of preparation is over. The dosage and storage life of potassium iodide registered in Ukraine, does not comply the WHO requirements. Any iodine prophylaxis for the children younger than two years old is not envisaged with this preparation. It is impos- sible to provide iodine prophylaxis for pregnant women, too, because stable iodine preparations are recommended to take along with potassium perchlorate, which was not provided to the population in monitored areas of nuclear power plants. At the same time, the attention is focused on the priority of iodine prophylaxis for babies, children and teenagers, newborns, lactating mothers. It is estimated that well-timed iodine prophylaxis, done for children and teenagers, can provide economic effect equal to $400,000 per 100 thousand people. Сonclusions. The problems of iodine prophylaxis for population are still not solved in practice; Ukraine is not ready to carry it out for the case of radiation accident. Some settlements in monitored areas of Ukrainian of nuclear power plants and even satellite towns of nucle- ar power plants, are not provided with, or have shortages of stable iodine preparations for the case of radiation accident. The experience of emergency training at the nuclear power plants of other countries indicates the difficulty of well-timed delivery of iodine preparations for population, even when the preparations are in the stock. It is proved, that large-scale iodine prophylaxis in case of accidents at nuclear power installations is needed and absolutely reasonable economically. Lack of national program in Ukraine to combat iodine deficiency creates prerequisites for increasing the severity of the consequences of possible nuclear accidents to the population. Abovementioned problems are caused largely by organizational, as well as by instructional and methodological shortcomings.
radiation accident, iodine prophylaxis, stable iodine medications, thyroid cancer
«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 3 part 1 (110), 2014 year, 321-325 pages, index UDK 615. 468. 45
