Fik V. B., Paltov E. V., Dmytriv H. M., Kryvko Yu. Ya.

MORPHOLOGY

Scentific article

Prolonged use of opioid agents can provoke significant pathological changes in various organs, especially in the tissues and organs of the oral cavity. This statement leads to a morphological study to study the submicroscopic organization in the structural components of the periodontium against the background of long-term opioid action. Methods. The study was conducted on 23 adult rats-males of the Wistar line, weighing 160-230 g, 4.5-6.5 months of age. Animals were injected daily with intramuscular injections of the opioid analgesic nalbuphine for 56 days. The initial dose was 0.212 mg/kg, and within 7 and 8 weeks the dose was increased to 0.260 mg/kg. For electron microscopic examination, fragments of periodontal soft tissue were used in the area of the gingival margin of the upper and lower jaws of the animals. Ultrastructural preparations were prepared according to the conventional method. Results. In the cytoplasm of cells of the epithelium of the free part of the gums, at the ultrastructural level, coarse tufts of tonofilaments are found, between which are located structurally swollen areas. Epitheliocyte nuclei pycnotic, with osmiophilic karyoplasm. In the cells of the epithelium of the gums, the structural components of the nuclei are disturbed, their shape, the cariole forming deep invaginations, and no nuclei. In the cytoplasm of cells of the basal layer, organelles, mitochondria with crystalline residues and vacuolation are damaged, tonophilaments are lysed. In cells of the epithelium of the attached part of the gums pycnotic nuclei are observed, which contain heterochromatin in the karyoplasm. In the cytoplasm there are necrotized unstructured regions, mitochondria with damaged folds. In fibrocytes, periodontal nuclei occupy most of the area of the cytoplasm, where there are almost no organelles, swollen, structureless intercellular matter, degranular tissue basophils and macrophages around the fibrocytes. Plasmolemma forms protrusion, primary lysosomes and phagosomes are present in the cytoplasm. Submicroscopic examination of the mucous membrane of the gums of animals revealed marked changes in the links of the hemomicrocirculatory bed, where blood capillaries with narrow lumps in the form of cracks without shaped elements of blood are noted. Also found blood filling of the lumen of the venules, which revealed erythrocytes and clusters of platelets. The cytoplasmic regions of the endothelial cells are compacted, with a small number of foamy cytoskeletons. The nuclear part of the cells protrudes into the lumen of the vessels, the uneven contours of the cariole. The basement membrane is fuzzy, and there are sclerotic changes in the perivascular spaces, reflecting the accumulation of collagen fibers in them. Conclusion. With the action of opioid analgesics inflammatory-destructive changes in the structural components of the periodontium dominate for eight weeks. Submicroscopically determined significant disturbances in the shape and structure of the cells of the epithelium of the gums, which are manifested by necrotizing areas, damage to organelles, impaired intercellular contacts in the cytoplasm of epitheliocytes, as well as the presence of pycnotic nuclei with a fuzzy contour of the cariole. In the swollen intercellular substance of the periodontal tissue basophils and macrophages are detected, ultrastructural organization of which indicates their active state. The plasmolemma forms numerous protrusions that are required for phagocytosis of damaged structures. Expressed changes in the links of the hemomicrocirculatory bed, which are manifested by the increase and decrease in the lumen of the hemocapillaries, the full blood of the venules reflect congestion, which significantly disrupts the gums.

opioid, periodontal, rats, ultrastructural study

1. Buhorkova IA. Rasprostranennost stomatolohycheskykh zabolevanyi u narkozavysymykh bolnykh dlia razrabotky prohrammy po snyzhenyiu ryskov. Ukraina. Zdorovia natsii. 2015;2(34):28-31. [in Russiаn].
2. Smirnova IV. Medyko-sotsialne obgruntuvannia optymizovanoi modeli profilaktyky poshyrenykh khvorob porozhnyny rota naselennia pratsezdatnoho viku [dysertatsiia]. Zaporizhzhia: Zaporiz. derzh. med. un-t; 2016. 197 s. [in Ukrainian].
3. Fraser AD, Zhang B, Khan H, Ma H, Hersch EV. Prescription Opioid Abuse and its Potential Role in Gross Dental Deca. Curr Drug Saf. 2017;12(1):22-6. DOI: 10.2174/1574886311666160803111401
4. Nack B, Haas SE, Portnof J. Opioid Use Disorder in Dental Patients: The Latest on How to Identify, Treat, Refer and Apply Laws and Regulations in Your Practice. Anesth. Prog. 2017;64(3):178-87. DOI: 10.2344/anpr-64-03-09
5. Schroeder AR, Dehghan M, Newman TB, Bentley JP, Park KT. Association of Opioid Prescriptions From Dental Clinicians for US Adolescents and Young Adults With Subsequent Opioid Use and Abuse. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Feb 1;179(2):145-52. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.5419
6. Opravyn AS, Yshekov NS, Kuzmyna LN, Ehulemova MV. Stomatolohycheskyi aspekt vlyianyia psykhoaktyvnykh veshchestv na orhanyzm podrostkov. Ekolohyia cheloveka. 2013;4:49-56. [in Russian].
7. Lohash MV. Patomorfolohichni zminy pechinky shchura pid vplyvom opioidu na mikrostrukturnomu rivni. Visnyk problem biolohii i medytsyny. 2016;2(2):177-84. [in Ukrainian].
8. Paltov YеV, Kryvko YY, Fik VB, Vilfhova IV, Ivasivka KP, Pankiv MV, et al. Dynamics of the onset of pathological changes in the retinal layers at the end of the first week of opioid exposure. Deutscher Wissenscaftscherold. 2016 Feb;2:30-3.
9. Fik VB. Morfolohiia tkanyn parodonta shchuriv pry shestytyzhnevii dii opioidu. Svit medytsyny ta biolohii. 2018;4(66):218-22. DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2018-4-66-222-6 [in Ukrainian].
10. Zubachyk VM, Fedun IR. Biokhimichni pokaznyky rotovoi ridyny u narkozalezhnykh khvorykh na khronichnyi heneralizovanyi parodontyt. Klinichna stomatolohiia. 2017;2:9-14. [in Ukrainian].
11. Fik VB, Paltov EV, Kryvko YY. Morphofunctional peculiarities of the periodontal tissue under conditions of simulated eight-week opioid effect. Deutscher Wissenschaftscherold German Science Herald. 2018;1:14-7. DOI: 10.19221/201814
12. Saini GK, Gupta ND, Prabhat KC. Drug addiction and periodontal diseases. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013;17:587-91. DOI: 10.4103/0972- 124X.119277
13. Pronina OМ, Koptev MM, Bilash SМ, Yeroshenko GA. Response of hemomicrocirculatory bed of internal organs on various external factors exposure based on the morphological research data. Svit medytsyny ta biolohiyi. 2018;1(63):153-7. DOI: 10.26.724/2079-8334-2018-1-63- 153-157
14. Pal’tov YeV, Fik VB, Vil’khova IV, Onys’ko RM, Fit’kalo OS, Kryvko YuYa, vynakhidnyky; L’vivs’kyi natsional’nyi medychnyi universytet imeni Danyla Halyts’koho, patentovlasnyk. Sposib modeliuvannia khronichnoho opioidnoho vplyvu. Patent Ukrainu № 76565. 2013, Bul. № 1. [in Ukrainian].
15. Glauert AM. Fixation, Dehydration and Embedding of Biological Specimens. In: Practical methods in electron microscpy. North-Hollond: American Elsevier; 1975.

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 3 (152), 2019 year, 311-314 pages, index UDK 611.311-018.73:615.214.24]:616-076.4

10.29254/2077-4214-2019-3-152-311-314