Oliinyk I. Yu., Tsyhykalo O. V.

MORPHOLOGY

Scentific article

Introduction. The comprehensive knowledge of the peculiarities of anlage pancreas and adjacent structures, spatial and temporal changes of their syntopy permites determine the causes of anatomical variability and congenital anomalies of the pancreas, among them — choledochal cysts, anomalous pancreaticobiliary junction, annular pancreas, pancreas divisum. The aim of the study was clarify the characteristics of anlage and chronological sequence of formation of structure and topography of pancreas at an early period of human ontogenesis. The methods. The 25 series of histological specimens of embryos measuring 4,0 to 13,5 mm parietal-coccygeal length (PCL), 30 — the prefetuses measuring 14,0 to 80,0 мм PCL and human fetuses measuring 160,0 to 500,0 mm parieto-calcaneal length studied using complex of morphological methods, which included antropometry, morphometry, microscopy, graphical and three-dimensional computer reconstruction, histotopohraphical plastination, statistical analysis. The results. It has been established that the first signs of pancreatic anlage appears on 4 weeks of intrauterine development (embryos 4,0-5,5 mm PCL). Pancreatic germ consists of two structures. Dorsal pancreatic bud arises from dorsal part of the duodenum. Ventral pancreatic bud occurs later, in the end of 4th — beginning of 5th week of intrauterine development, when together with common bile duct grows from the duodenal germ on its postero-right surface. Rotation of the stomach and duodenum, while the rapid growth of its left half, resulting in contact between the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds. The contact between the two pancreatic primordia realizes on 6th – 7th weeks, fusion — on the 7th week of intrauterine development, so that they are placed dorsally, penetrating into the back of the duodenum and located within the dorsal mesentery. Pancreatic duct (Wirsung’s) is formed from the duct of ventral pancreatic bud and bottom of the duct of dorsal pancreatic bud, forms the main pancreas duct. Proximal part of dorsal pancreatic duct become fully obliterated or remains as a small channel — additional pancreatic duct (Santorini’s duct). The violation of processes of vacuolization may cause the divided atretic bile duct in place of Y-like junction of pancreatic duct and bile ducts or different forms of duct stenosis. Ectopic pancreatic tissue in the wall of the duodenum was found in 13,3% of fetuses. Conclusions. 1. The sources of pancreatic anlage is dorsal pancreatic primordium, which arises from the antero-dorsal part of the primitive gut (duodenum germ) at the end of the 4th week and ventral one that is detected at an beginning of 5th week of intrauterine development. 2. The contact between pancreatic primordia realizes on 6th – 7th weeks, and mergers on 7 weeks of intrauterine development. 3. May cause the divided atretic bile duct in place of Y-like junction of pancreatic duct and bile ducts or different forms of duct stenosis. 4. Ectopic pancreatic tissue in the wall of the duodenum was found in 13,3% of fetuses.

pancreas, prenatal ontogenesis, congenital malformations, human

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 part 1 (126), 2016 year, 313-317 pages, index UDK 611.37:612.65:616-092.4