Cherepyuk E. N

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

Abstract. One of the most common medical problems of our time all over the world is caries of temporary teeth in children of the first years of life, the so-called early childhood caries, due to its high prevalence and intensity among the child population. Temporary teeth play an important role in chewing food, non-verbal expression of emotions and communication. Complications of early caries often lead not only to the loss of teeth, but also to a disturbance of occlusion and even to the need for hospitalization of the child due to acute inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region. According to researchers, the prevalence of early caries of deciduous teeth among children from different regions and regions of Ukraine ranges from 9.05% to 95.3%, the intensity – from 0.6 to 3.0 teeth. Even in such a developed country as the USA, the incidence of caries in children 2-5 years old averages 23.7%, significantly differing among different segments of the population – from 1% to 38% in children 1-2 years old, from 5% to 56% – at 2-3 years old. The etiology of early childhood caries is multifactorial and complex, which involving environmental, behavioral, socioeconomic and biological factors. To date, dental caries is defined as an infectious, contagious and multifactorial disease, the development of which requires the simultaneous presence of the following conditions: cariogenic microflora, a substrate for the vital activity of bacteria (refined carbohydrates), the presence of teeth surrounded by a certain environment where the pathological process develops. Among the behavioral factors, researchers distinguish prolonged and disordered natural or bottle feeding of the child, inadequate or lack of oral hygiene, the predominance of carbohydrate foods. In addition, antenatal factors are important in the occurrence of early childhood caries: irrational and unbalanced diet of pregnant women, the woman’s age, the serial number of the child born, low birth weight, bad habits of the mother during pregnancy. Thus, understanding the risk factors for the onset and pathogenic mechanisms of the development of early childhood caries makes it possible to properly prevent this disease in children.

children, dental caries, risk factors, demineralization, oral fluid, Streptococci.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 (159), 2021 year, 332-336 pages, index UDK 616.314-002+613.955

10.29254/2077-4214-2021-1-159-332-336