HYPERPRODUCTION OF ACTIVE OXYGEN FORMS AS THE MAIN MECHANISM OF CADMIUM TOXICITY (review of foreign literature)

  2. 2023
  3. HYPERPRODUCTION OF ACTIVE OXYGEN FORMS AS THE MAIN MECHANISM OF CADMIUM TOXICITY (review of foreign literature)

Ostrovska S. S., Burega I. Yu., Pismenetska I. Yu., Konovalova O. S., Kovtunenko R. V., Chobitok L. O.

HYPERPRODUCTION OF ACTIVE OXYGEN FORMS AS THE MAIN MECHANISM OF CADMIUM TOXICITY (review of foreign literature)

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About the author:

Ostrovska S. S., Burega I. Yu., Pismenetska I. Yu., Konovalova O. S., Kovtunenko R. V., Chobitok L. O.

Heading:

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Type of article:

Scientific article

Annotation:

The influence of environmental factors on the population's health is a biological, medical and social problem that is constantly in the field of view of scientists worldwide. The literature review is devoted to identifying the main mechanisms of the toxic effect of cadmium (Cd) on living organisms. Despite the presence of antioxidant protection in the body (enzymes, proteins, vitamins), toxicants, including heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), induce hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to a failure of the antioxidant system and is accompanied by the development oxidative stress (OS). Cd generates OS due to damage to electron transport chains in mitochondria, increasing the activity of nitrogen oxides and the concentration of redox metals, due to which the production of ROS increases, which increases the formation of radical hydroxyls. ROS cause oxidative damage to essential macromolecules, proteins, DNA, lipids, and phospholipid cell membranes. Cd-induced OS disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, which reduces the energy potential of cells, and damage to the antioxidant system changes the enzyme topography underlying its catalytic function. OS has been described as one of the causes of cadmium-induced pathologies such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and cancer. One of the environmental sources of the negative impact of cadmium on the population is tobacco, which affects the state of organs and bone tissue and contributes to the emergence of pathological changes. The literature review shows that the primary mechanism of cadmium toxicity is the hyperproduction of ROS with a cascading effect on essential chains of biochemical reactions and genetic processes, which changes the structure and functions of proteins and contributes to the emergence of various diseases.

Tags:

cadmium, organ pathology, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», 2023 Issue 2, 169, 82-88 pages, index UDC 612.22:546.48:616-099-008,9(048.8)

DOI:

10.29254/2077-4214-2023-2-169-82-88

2023 Issue 2, 169
cadmium organ pathology oxidative stress reactive oxygen species
29.06.2023
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