Zhdan V. M., Volchenko H. V., Babanina M. Yu., Tkachenko M. V., Ischeikina Yu. O.

HEMATOLOGICAL ANOMALIES OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES AND SYNDROMES

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About the author:

Zhdan V. M., Volchenko H. V., Babanina M. Yu., Tkachenko M. V., Ischeikina Yu. O.

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LITERATURE REVIEWS

Type of article:

Scientific article

Annotation:

Based on the results of clinical trials, the article discusses aspects of haematological manifestations and the dynamics of the cellular blood picture and haemostasis in severe rheumatic diseases and syndromes. The study of the current state of the problem shows that the most common blood symptoms are neutropenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, haemolytic anaemia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic microangiopathy, arterial and venous thrombosis. Thrombus formation is promoted by endothelial dysfunction, formation of a wide range of pathological antibodies, including to vascular wall cardiolipin, nephrotic syndrome, arterial hypertension, rapid development of atherosclerosis in the setting of systemic inflammation. The existing haematological symptoms, or their combination, are an important clinical reference point for timely recognition of rheumatic disease, differential diagnosis, the possibility of assessing the course features, the prognosis of severe complications, and the quality and safety of treatment. Among these particularly dangerous complications requiring intensive treatment are thrombosis, haemorrhagic syndrome and secondary thrombocytopenic microangiopathy. Neutropenia is accompanied by a risk of infections, including generalised infections. Injectable glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide, but if possible, anticoagulants, thrombopoiesis and leukopoiesis stimulants, and some modern biological drugs (tocilizumab, rituximab) remain the basis for the treatment of haematological complications. At the same time, the problem of the negative impact of synthetic and biological anti-rheumatic drugs on blood parameters is being discussed. Secondary thrombotic thrombocytopenic microangiopathy is a direct consequence of endothelial dysfunction in antiphospholipid syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic scleroderma, or the use of cytostatic agents. It includes several clinical, often urgent, conditions with haemolysis in small vessels, thrombocytopenia, renal, pulmonary and central nervous system ischaemia. The systematisation of clinical trial results on the characteristic changes in the blood cellular picture and haemostasis contributes to the timely diagnosis and optimisation of therapeutic approaches.

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», 2024 Issue 2, 173, 37-45 pages, index UDC 616-002.77:616.15

DOI:

10.29254/2077-4214-2024-2-173-37-45