Kharchenko Y. V., Dychko Y. N., Topka E. G., Kosse V. A., Lyulko I. V., Alekseenko Z. K., Filippov Y. O.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

The gut microbiota forms a complex microbial community that has a significant impact on human health. The composition of the microbiota varies from person to person, and it changes throughout life. It is known that the microbiome can be altered due to diet, various processes, such as inflammation. Like all other fields of medicine, the field of microbiology is constantly growing. Various microorganisms are found in all parts of the human body, even in places previously considered sterile: for example, in the liver, pancreas, brain and adipose tissue. Currently, one of the etiological factors of liver disease are pro-inflammatory changes in the human body. There is much evidence of intestinal dysbiosis, increased permeability and its effect on the development of liver disease, indicating the axis of the gut – liver. The gut – liver axis affects the pathogenesis of many liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The intestinal microbiota is involved in the regulation of brain health, thereby confirming the presence of the gut-brain axis. Experiments with mice have also shown that microorganisms have a significant effect on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. The microbiota can modulate various mechanisms through the gut-liver axis and the gut-brain axis. The normal intestinal flora affects human health in many positive ways, but there is now strong evidence that the intestinal microbiota, especially altered ones, can influence the pathology of many diseases through various inflammatory mechanisms. The important role of intestinal microbiota in liver disorders is also confirmed by the accumulated evidence that complications of severe liver disease, such as hepatic encephalopathy, are effectively treated with various prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics. At present, many pathophysiological reactions in the case of microbial dysbiosis are still unclear. A better understanding of the intestinal microbiota and its components in liver disease can provide a more complete picture of these complex disorders, as well as become the basis for new treatments

microbiome, gut-liver axis, dysbiosis, probiotics.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 3 (161), 2021 year, 81-89 pages, index UDK 616.36-092-084:616.34-008.87

10.29254/2077-4214-2021-3-161-81-89