Antonyuk O. P, Vovk Yu. N, Marchuk O. F, Marchuk F. D.

MORPHOLOGY

Scentific article

Abstract. During the embryonic period, intensive processes of mutual influence occur between the rudiments of the esophagus, trachea, lungs and heart. The rudiment of the esophagus increases in size, and protrusions of the organ are formed both in the anterior and sagittal planes. The process of formation of the mucous membrane of the esophagus begins, as well as the fusion of the rudiments of the diaphragm, close topographic and anatomical relationships with the vagus nerves are established. The beginning of the pre-fetal period of development is marked by the process of delimiting the esophagus from the trachea, which leads to the formation of a pronounced compaction of mesenchymal cells around the rudiments of the mucous membrane of the separated organs. The formation of the topographic-anatomical relationship of the esophagus at this stage of intrauterine development is quite dynamic and is in closely connection with the intensive development of the heart, large vessels of the mediastinum and lungs. The study of graphic and plastic reconstructions and histological preparations showed that blood vessels grow into the submucous layer of the esophagus during the 7th week of development; in the middle part of the esophageal rudiment (at the level of the trachea bifurcation), there is a pronounced narrowing, which should be considered the beginning of the formation of the broncho-aortic narrowing of the esophagus in the prefetal period of development, the process of delimiting the esophagus from the trachea occurs, which leads to the formation of a pronounced compaction of mesenchymal cells around the rudiments of the mucous membrane of the divided organs; further there is an active process of transformation of the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the esophagus – from a two-layer cylindrical (prefetus 60.0-65.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length – 11th week) to a four-layer cylindrical (prefetus 70.0-75.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length – 12th week) epithelium.

embryogenesis, esophagus, graphic and plastic reconstruction.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 1 (159), 2021 year, 193-197 pages, index UDK 611.32.013

10.29254/2077-4214-2021-1-159-193-197