Sheshukova O. V., Kuz I. O., Maksymenko A. I., Trufanova V. P., Polishchuk T. V., Mosiienko A. S., Kazakova K. S.

DENTISTRY

Scentific article

І type diabetes mellitus in children is a major risk factor for inflammation in the periodontium. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dental status of primary-school-age children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, to study the content of pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 (IL-18) in their oral fluid, and to establish the relationship between the level of IL-18 and the condition of the periodontium in the above-mentioned group of children. Materials and methods. We examined 82 children from six to twelve years old, namely, 56 children with 1 type diabetes mellitus and 26 children without any concomitant diseases. We studied hygiene index according to Fedorov-Volodkina (1968), simplified hygiene index OHI-S (Green, Vermillion, 1964), PMA index modified by Parma (1960), gingival index (GI) according to Loe, Silness (1967), gingival index (GI) according to Mühlemann H.R. (1971). The determination of the concentration of IL-18 in the oral fluid was carried out by the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results of the study and their discussion. The Fedorov-Volodkina hygiene index was 2.20±0.08 points in the group of patients with 1 type diabetes mellitus and chronic catarrhal gingivitis which corresponds to poor oral hygiene. The values of the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) according to Green, and Vermillion confirm the identified trend. A statistically significant difference (p≤0.05) was found when we had compared groups 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 2 and 4, 1 and 4, but was not found (p≥0.05) between groups 1 and 3 (in children with healthy gums with and without 1 type diabetes mellitus) after comparing the values of hygiene indices according to Fedorov-Volodkina and according to the simplified index OHI-S (Green-Vermillion). The periodontal indices in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis and 1 type diabetes mellitus indicated an average severity of gingivitis, namely: PMA – 40.47±0.96%, gingival index (GI) according to Loe, Silness – 1.83±0.04 points, and gingival index (GI) according to Mühlemann H.R. – 1.07±0.05 points. The level of IL-18 in the oral fluid of healthy children without chronic catarrhal gingivitis was 3.41±0.25 pg/ml, and 5.74±0.27 pg/ml in somatically healthy children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. The level of IL-18 in the oral fluid was 14.87±1.11 pg/ml in the group of children with 1 type diabetes mellitus and healthy gums. The level of IL-18 in the oral fluid was in the group of patients with 1 type diabetes mellitus and chronic catarrhal gingivitis was 70.91±7.48 pg/ml. A statistically significant difference (p≤0.05) was found between all the groups (1 and 2, 1 and 3, 3 and 4, 2 and 4, 1 and 4). Thus, the study of the cytokine profile in children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus deserves further consideration and the development of new methods for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory processes in the periodontium. That is why this link of the pathogenesis of periodontitis should be taken into account.

gingivitis, interleukin-18, cytokines, children, 1 type diabetes mellitus.

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 2 Part 2 (165), 2022 year, 261-270 pages, index UDK 616.311.2-002:616.379-008.64-053.2/5

10.29254/2077-4214-2022-2-2-165-261-270