Kutsak A. V., Sevalnev A. I., Kostenetsky M. I., Prozhugan T. O., Krivsun K. V.
In recent years, there has been an increase of the radiation exposure on people for medical purposes, and now it is the most significant anthropogenic source of radiation exposure. The tendency of increasing X-ray investigation is also takes place in Ukraine. Given this, it is obvious that reducing the dose load on people due to X-ray diagnostics at present is a very actual problem. The aim of the study. To investigate and analyze in the framework of radiation-hygienic monitoring the dose load on population of Zaporizhzhya region due to X-ray diagnostic procedures. The object and methods of research. The object of the research is medical radiation exposure when using ionizing radiation sources for diagnostic purposes. During the work analytical, statistical and calculated methods of research were used. Doses of radiation on patients due to X-ray diagnostics were calculated using the instructions of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The determination of the effective radiation dose on patients in X-ray investigation is based on the use of one of two instrumental methods: measuring the dose product on the area, or measuring the radiation output of the X-ray emitter. Because of the absence in the native x-ray machines of the installed meters of the dose of the area, in this case, the results of measurement of the radiation output were used, since this parameter, according to 2008, is determined by the Zaporizhzhya Regional Scientific and Production Center for Metrology, Standardization and Certification. Research results and their discussion. It has been determined that the number of X-ray procedures for the period of 2012-2016 is decreasing, and the frequency of investigation per one person from 1.33 in 2012 to 1.29 in 2016 decreased, but given the decrease in population, the rate of research per one person remains stable (1.29). It was found that the highest frequency is X-ray (0.63-0.67), fluorography (0.43-0.48) is the second place, the third place is X-ray (0.03-0.04). It should be noted that in Zaporozhye region since 2007, a new progressive, but at the same time high-dose method of X-ray diagnosis appeared – X-ray computer tomography, which frequency in 2015 reached 0.022 per person. It is determined that the annual radiation dose on people fluctuates within the range of 0,86-0,97 mSv year-1. In this case, the main part in the total dose of irradiation is X-ray – 0.44-0.49 mSv, followed by fluorography – 0.21- 0.24 mSv, on the third place – computed tomography – 0.09-0.14 mSv. The average dose of irradiation on people of Zaporizhzhya region at the expense of medical exposure was 0.94 mSv year-1, which is almost 50% more than the average Ukrainian indicator and exceeds the average world by 2 times. Measures aimed at improving the modern domestic system of patient protection during X-ray diagnosis were scientifically substantiated. It was established that the dynamics of the contribution of various types of radiation diagnosis to the dose of medical radiation on people indicates a gradual increase in radiographic studies, fluorography and X-ray remains at one level, and the fate of high-density modern research – computed tomography from 2014 decreases, the angiography is gradually increasing. The priority tasks aimed at improving the modern native system of patient protection during X-ray diagnostics are determined.
«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 Part 3 (141), 2017 year, 154-158 pages, index UDK 613.648.4 : 616-073.75:616-052]-047.64
