Rizaev J. A., Shamsiyev R. A.

LITERATURE REVIEWS

Scentific article

Congenital clefts of the upper lip and / or palate still remain one of the most important problems of genetics, pediatrics, dentistry and medicine in general. This pathology is a serious congenital condition, which is characterized by the presence of not only a local anatomical defect, but also accompanying systemic disturbances in the processes of respiration, nutrition, and speech. The occurrence of congenital clefts of the upper lip and / or palate among other malformations of the maxillofacial region reaches 90%. Statistics indicate that the prevalence of congenital cleft lip and palate varies from 1:1000 to 5.38:1000. In Uzbekistan the frequency of births of children with congenital clefts of the upper lip and palate remains at a high level: 1 case for 745 newborns. Children with cleft lip and / or palate have a high incidence of tooth decay, the incidence of which in children under the age of three years is 79.6%, in children of six years it reaches 100%. Common methods of caries treatment do not allow to achieve positive effects. At the same time, the most effective and feasible strategy is the possibility of timely introduction of prevention methods at the stages of their dispensary observation. Hygienic procedures in the oral cavity of such children are ineffective and difficult due to many reasons, in the first place – anatomical disorders in this pathology, multi-stage surgical interventions conducted in the oral cavity and often accompanied by the children wearing a protective plate after the operation, as well as prolonged orthodontic treatment. In the process of orthodontic treatment with non-removable equipment, the accumulation of plaque on the elements of the construction takes place, which leads to high contamination by the bacteria in the oral cavity. Thus, the examination, carried out one month after fixing the braces, demonstrated an increase in the amount of plaque by 12.5% from the initial index. The prolonged retention of the plaque accumulating in the places of the orthodontic equipment elements attachment promotes the emergence of the enamel focal demineralization and periodontal tissues lesions. High rates of dental morbidity are provoked by a decrease in the level of protective-adaptive mechanisms of the oral cavity and persistent high intensity of regulatory systems. The literature data indicate that the hygienic state of the oral cavity in children with congenital cleft lip and palate is unsatisfactory. There is indisputable evidence that poor hygiene of the oral cavity plays an important role in the development of tooth decay and periodontal disease. All of the above indicates the need to develop and implement preventive treatment programs for this patient population. Intensive prophylactic measures in children with congenital cleft lip and palate should be carried out both before the beginning of surgical treatment and during the subsequent stage-by-stage rehabilitation.

cleft lip and palate, caries, caries prophylaxis, caries prevalence, caries intensity

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«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 2 (144), 2018 year, 55-59 pages, index UDK 616.315/.317-007.254:616.314-002]-053.2

10.29254/2077-4214-2018-2-144-55-59