Shmatkov A. V., Sokolova I. Ye., Таtаrchuk О. М., Gavrylyuk V. G., Sklyar T. V.
In our time, the urgent problem of medicine and biology is the study of composition of the human microbiome. Its role in the protection against pathogens, participation in digestion of food, regulation of metabolic processes, maintenance of the immune system and health in general, as well as in the manifestations of human character and cognitive functions have already been established. In violation of microbiome composition and appearance of aggressive conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms, there is a whole cascade of immune responses of the human body to antigenic stimuli, which can lead to development of inflammatory chronic diseases of intestine, among which the most commonly found Nonspecific Ulcerative Colitis (NUC), Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). The etiology of these diseases is not yet fully understood. It is believed that the development of these inflammatory chronic diseases is affected by genetic predisposition, disturbance of microflora, environmental factors, immune response alteration. The aim of the study was to determine the features of microflora composition in patients with NUC, CD and IBS. The materials of the study were feces of patients, from which were isolated microorganisms. As a result of the conducted studies it was found that in all these diseases of intestines (NUC, CD and IBS) in microflora of patients observed reduction of obligate and accompanying microflora, namely quantity of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, enterococci and typical E. coli. In most patients (75–100%), the number of lactobacilli decreases most significantly. The quantity of enterococci also decreases (by 7–50%). Surprisingly less changed were the levels of bifidobacteria. It is obvious that the reduction of typical E. coli leads to the settlement of the exonerated hemolytic Escherichia. Their number was higher than normal in 23–33% of patients with NUC and CD and in 14% of men with IBS. Much more common in patients with intestinal pathologies are found fungi of the genus Candida (albicans and kefyr species). The appearance in the microflora of patients with NUC and IBS Staphylococcus aureus can certainly be an additional pathogenetic factor in the progression of bowel disease. The number of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria also increased, and especially with IBS, they were isolated in 33% of women and 71% of men. It was be noted a large variety of detected enterobacteria. Among them, the following species were identified: Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerance, Enterobacter gergoviae. Conclusions. When comparing the composition of the microflora of patients with NUC, CD and IBS, a correlation was found between a decrease in resident microflora and an increase in the number of opportunistic microorganisms. The most significant factors of dysbiotic disorders in intestinal pathologies are the decrease in the number of lactobacilli, enterococci and typical esheriachia, and, in contrast, the increase of quantuty Escherichia, conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria and fungi.
microbiome, microflora of bowel, Nonspecific Ulcerative Colitis (NUC), Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine» Issue 4 Part 2 (154), 2019 year, 289-293 pages, index UDK 616.3-008.1:616.35:579.61
