Korman Sh.-A. S., Lukyantseva H. V.

ULTRASTRUCTURAL MECHANISMS OF ADAPTATION OF THE OXYGEN TRANSPORT SYSTEM TO MUSCULAR WORK

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About the author:

Korman Sh.-A. S., Lukyantseva H. V.

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LITERATURE REVIEWS

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Scientific article

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Muscular work is a key stimulus for multilevel remodeling of the human body, particularly in tissues forming the oxygen transport system. These changes enable the organism to meet increased metabolic demands. Ultrastructural adaptations provide the morphofunctional basis for efficient oxygen transport, diffusion, and utilization. The aim is to summarize current data on the structural mechanisms of adaptation in the heart, lungs, skeletal muscles, and vascular endothelium under physical activity of varying types, intensities, and durations, based on a review of scientific literature. This article summarizes key morphological and functional changes in the oxygen transport system during muscu- lar work. Regular exercise induces mitochondrial hypertrophy and proliferation in skeletal muscles and cardiomyo- cytes, reflecting enhanced aerobic metabolism. Capillary density increases around muscle fibers, improving oxygen diffusion. Adaptations also include greater secretory activity of atrial cardiomyocytes, endothelial hyperplasia, and remodeling of alveolar type II cells involved in surfactant synthesis. These changes reflect integrated structural-func- tional mechanisms. Special attention is paid to differences between adaptive responses in trained individuals and destructive reactions under excessive or inappropriate loads in untrained organisms, emphasizing the need for per- sonalized training programs. Ultrastructural remodeling is both a marker and a mechanism of adaptation, enhancing oxygen transport sys- tem efficiency. Continued research will facilitate the development of individualized approaches to physical training, rehabilitation, and prevention.

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Publication of the article:

«Bulletin of problems biology and medicine», Issue 2,177, 25-34 pages, index UDC 611.73:612.22+612.12(045)

DOI:

10.29254/2077-4214-2025-2-177-25-34